Smallpox: Symptoms, Treatment & Vaccine Guide

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Special-risk vaccine

Smallpox

A severe variola virus disease eradicated worldwide; no naturally occurring cases have occurred since 1977.

SymptomsHistorically caused high fever, severe aches, vomiting, and a deep, progressive pustular rash.
Typical durationHistorically, illness developed over several weeks.
Vaccine statusSpecial-risk vaccine

Symptoms and what to notice

Historically caused high fever, severe aches, vomiting, and a deep, progressive pustular rash.

How long can it last?

Historically, illness developed over several weeks.

How serious is Smallpox?

Was often fatal and could cause blindness and permanent scarring. Any suspected case is a public-health emergency.

Treatment and management

National response plans include isolation, specialist care, antivirals, vaccination, and close-contact management.

Is there a vaccine—and who should receive it?

Smallpox vaccination is not routine. It is reserved for certain laboratory/response personnel and would be deployed under public-health direction after an emergency.

Official U.S. guidance

Read the current CDC guidance for Smallpox →

Cost: Patient cost varies by insurance, provider, location, and eligibility. Many recommended vaccines are covered with no out-of-pocket cost under qualifying plans, and eligible children may receive vaccines through the Vaccines for Children program. CDC price lists are purchasing benchmarks—not guaranteed patient prices. CDC price context.

Health note: This page gives general U.S. educational information. Vaccine choice and timing depend on age, medical history, previous doses, pregnancy, travel, exposure, and current public-health guidance. Seek urgent care for severe or rapidly worsening symptoms.